31 de agosto de 2013

Vídeo - 5 lições de Copenhague para São Paulo




















Vídeo gravado com Jeff Risom, urbanista do escritório de planejamento dinamarquês Gehl Architects, com lições que as cidades brasileiras podem aprender com a trajetória de Copenhague.

Link para o vídeo:
http://vimeo.com/36981813#




Esse vídeo pertence ao
Projeto Cidades para Pessoas
















Para saber mais acesse:
http://cidadesparapessoas.com/

30 de agosto de 2013

São Paulo est-elle devenue une mégapole invivable?

Avec 11 millions d’habitants et une croissance démographique galopante, la capitale économique du pays concentre tous les problèmes, et c’est ce qui a fait descendre en masse les Brésiliens dans la rue en juin dernier.

COURRIER INTERNATIONAL
CONTROVERSE
27 AOÛT 2013

Dessin d'Ares

C’est une ville de fous

- Trip (extraits) São Paulo

Quand je traverse l’Ipiranga [le cours d’eau, très pollué, qui traverse la ville], mon cœur réagit. Et pas agréablement. Sans doute est-ce le résultat du stress combiné au taux élevé de la pollution atmosphérique. J’ai le sentiment de vivre dans un environnement de folie généralisée, une folie dont personne ne semble se rendre compte, à l’instar des Napoléon des asiles d’aliénés, qui se sentent parfaitement normaux, aussi normaux que le Napoléon original. Voilà ce que je pense de la ville de São Paulo : c’est une usine de fous folle et incontrôlable. La ville est trop grande, trop peuplée, trop invivable, trop chaotique. Caetano Veloso a chanté un São Paulo qui construit et détruit de belles choses. C’est une demi-vérité : il suffit de voir d’anciennes photos de la ville pour comprendre que la part de la destruction excède largement celle de la construction.

Je ne suis pas en train de défendre ni d’idéaliser les communautés rurales modestes. Il est incontestable que l’humanité a toujours produit ses meilleures idées, ses meilleures œuvres d’art et ses découvertes scientifiques dans l’environnement agité des grandes villes. Mais tout a une limite. Une grande ville, c’est une chose ; une mégapole comme São Paulo en est une autre, bien différente, qui doit chercher toujours plus loin pour s’approvisionner en eau afin que le Paulistano [habitant de la ville] puisse laver sa voiture et son trottoir ; qui a enterré et enterre rivières et ruisseaux ; qui a déboisé et continue à déboiser, gagnant sur ses frontières à une vitesse hallucinante ; qui produit quotidiennement un océan de déchets impossible à traiter ; qui alimente les égouts de façon apocalyptique ; qui met en circulation tous les jours plus de 1 000 nouvelles voitures ; qui non seulement est inégalitaire, mais considère cette inégalité comme l’une de ses caractéristiques les plus marquantes, chose dont s’enorgueillissent nombre de Paulistanos ; qui produit des gens stressés prêts à commettre les crimes les plus absurdes. Une ville, enfin, où la théorie de la “foule solitaire” est parfaitement mise en pratique. São Paulo n’est évidemment pas la seule mégapole au monde. Mais si les optimistes aiment la comparer à New York, Londres ou Berlin, je dirais plutôt qu’elle ressemble à Dacca, Bombay ou Kinshasa.

São Paulo possède, bien entendu, des aspects positifs. Ceux qui sont sans cesse célébrés par ses fans les plus absolus : cinémas, spectacles, théâtres, musées, librairies, bars, gastronomie variée et internationale. Mais même moi (ainsi sans doute qu’une bonne partie de mes concitoyens), je profite de moins en moins de tout cela. Prix élevés, files interminables, risque d’agression, circulation bouchée…

Internet est la librairie que je fréquente le plus ces derniers temps. La télé par abonnement est mon cinéma. Mon bar préféré est à 300 mètres de chez moi et n’est guère différent de n’importe quel bar dans n’importe quelle ville du pays.

Platon et Aristote recommandaient déjà le contrôle de la natalité, car ils n’imaginaient pas qu’une ville raisonnable puisse excéder quelques milliers d’habitants. En définitive, dans la mégapole, même la démocratie est mise en échec : comment un maire et 55 conseillers municipaux peuvent-ils raisonnablement représenter une population de plus de 11 millions de personnes ?

São Paulo est invivable. Nous sommes tous fous et nous ne nous en rendons pas compte.

- André Caramuru Aubert*
* Historien


Ici, tout le monde a une chance

- Trip (extraits) São Paulo

Je me refuse à accepter que la ville où je suis né et où j’ai grandi puisse être au bord du chaos. São Paulo n’est certes plus agréable à vivre depuis longtemps : pollution, inondations, bouchons, cherté de la vie, violence en sont la preuve. Tout est si complexe que cela dépasse notre capacité de compréhension. Malgré tout, la vie y est possible – de façon précaire, je l’avoue, mais nous parvenons à peu près à vivre ensemble, non ?

Link para artigo completo: http://www.courrierinternational.com/article/2013/08/27/sao-paulo-est-elle-devenue-une-megapole-invivable?utm_campaign=&utm_medium=email&utm_source=Courrier+international+au+quotidien

29 de agosto de 2013

Debate: “O que falta para São Paulo ser das PESSOAS?”

PAPO RETO:
O QUE FALTA PARA SÃO PAULO SER DAS PESSOAS?

Data:
29 de agosto, quinta-feira, às 19h
às 19h, o lançamento do livro “Cidades para Pessoas”, de Jan Gehl

Local:
oGangorra - Rua Mourato Coelho, 1344 – Vila Madalena

Realização:
Bike Anjo, oGangorra e Cidades para Pessoas

“o direito à cidade é muito mais que a liberdade de ter acesso aos recursos urbanos: é um direito de mudar a nós mesmos, mudando a cidade. É um direito coletivo, e não individual, já que essa transformação depende do exercício de um poder coletivo para remodelar os processos de urbanização. A liberdade de fazer e refazer nossas cidades, e a nós mesmos, é um dos nossos direitos humanos mais preciosos e, ao mesmo tempo, mais negligenciados.”
David Harvey

Aproveitando a presença de Sofie Kvist – gestora de projetos do escritório Gehl Architects – o Bike Anjo, oGangorra e Cidades para Pessoas promovem o “Papo Reto: o que falta para São Paulo ser das PESSOAS?”, um debate sobre a questão do direito à cidade e de como, através de pequenas iniciativas, pode-se devolver a cidade – no caso São Paulo – às pessoas. O debate conta também com a presença de Natália Garcia, criadora da iniciativa Cidades para Pessoas.

Ver mais:
http://www.archdaily.com.br/br/01-135684/debate-o-que-falta-para-sao-paulo-ser-das-pessoas
https://www.facebook.com/events/368431006593006/
http://vimeo.com/36981813#

Ver debate:
http://youtu.be/mKkutJ0-eCI

23 de agosto de 2013

Esvaziamento dos centros: a dinâmica urbana e a expansão incontrolável

Seminários de Políticas Urbanas Quitandinha+50 (etapa Bahia)

Tema:
“Esvaziamento dos Centros: a dinâmica urbana e a expansão incontrolável” 

Quando:
dias 23 e 24 de agosto de 2013, das 9h às 19h

Onde:
Auditório Alfredo de Britto, da Faculdade de Medicina da Bahia (Ufba) [Terreiro de Jesus, Pelourinho, Salvador]

“O tema escolhido para discussão não poderia ser mais adequado ao momento de Salvador”, ressalta Nivaldo Andrade, presidente do IAB-BA. Enquanto novos bairros habitacionais e de serviços vêm surgindo em diversas zonas da Região Metropolitana, totalmente desprovidas de qualquer infraestrutura, existem hoje mais de 1.200 imóveis desocupados no centro da cidade. Os números são de um estudo realizado pelo Escritório de Referência do Centro Antigo de Salvador.

O IAB-BA defende que a recuperação e reocupação do Centro Antigo de Salvador devem ser colocadas como prioridades pelos gestores municipais e estaduais e por toda a sociedade soteropolitana “por causa da sua importância simbólica, dos seus valores paisagísticos e históricos, do seu processo de esvaziamento e degradação, além do seu indiscutível potencial de transformação”, alerta Nivaldo. Os ciclos de seminários do Quitandinha +50 analisarão o caso da capital baiana, a partir da reunião de especialistas com experiências em outras cidades do Brasil e do mundo.

Para a conferência magistral do Q+50, foi convidado o arquiteto Pablo Contrucci, que teve um papel fundamental no exitoso processo de renovação urbana do centro tradicional de Santiago, no Chile, que incluiu a criação de milhares de novas unidades residenciais através de convênio entre imobiliárias privadas e cooperativas habitacionais. O presidente do IAB-BA observa que essa palestra “certamente trará importantes contribuições, que podem servir de referência para os centros de várias cidades brasileiras”.

História do evento
Meio século após organizar o histórico Seminário Nacional de Reforma Urbana ser realizado no Hotel Quitandinha, em Petrópolis, Rio de Janeiro, o Instituto de Arquitetos do Brasil promove o ciclo de Seminários de Políticas Urbanas Quitandinha+50, com o intuito de discutir as metrópoles brasileiras, o território, a moradia e o papel do espaço público na cidade do futuro.

Ver mais:

http://www.iab.org.br/noticias/evento-em-salvador-discute-degradacao-e-os-problemas-dos-centros-de-grandes-cidades

17 de agosto de 2013

Getting Started :Urban Innovations in Portland City

BY:
SONAL Kulkarni
AUGUST 26, 2012

As the Young Urban Leader Fellow 2012, I have the opportunity to study the metropolitan of Portland and the brilliance achieved by Portland Metro in planning, for the next two months. The intent of this fellowship is to take back some of the best practices in policy and planning in the United States and see how it could be applicable in the Indian context.

Urbanism is about designing a phenomenon that is constantly changing and policy is the framework you attach to this dynamic process. American urbanism is a very structured and regulated phenomenon, as we know it, with a very strong framework of policies. Indian cities are multi-faceted, complex, and regulation in its policies could give them a better framework to rest on.

Whereas, the American cities face a problem of lack of densities in their cores, Indian cities have congestion issues, mostly because of lack of infrastructure growth in the same pace as urbanization of the major cities. American urbanization was in some way dictated by the idea of “The American Dream”, where there was a hope for prosperity and happiness, symbolized by having a house of one’s own, and suggests a confident hope that one’s children’s economic and social conditions will be better than one’s own.

The Industrialization and World War II had a lot of effects on the way American cities turned out to be. A lot of freeways were built during the World War, which led to suburban sprawl away from the core. This then dictated most of the way the American’s lived post World War. A few of the cities in the country try to limit the sprawling bug from killing the city cores early on in the game, one such city was Portland.
Coming from the land of sprawl – Los Angeles to the Rose City – Portland, the first thing that will strike anyone is how green the city and its neighborhoods are, and how short the distances are in comparison to the city that eats, walks and sleeps in its automobiles (Los Angeles).

The Irvington Neighborhood where the fellow is placed during the length of the fellowship is predominantly a single-family neighborhood planned for upper/ middle class families and now placed under the National Register for Historic Places since 2010. If there had to be a comparable place in Bangalore, it would be Sadashivnagar or Jayanagar area.

Some of the features that make Portland a city revered by planners in the United States, is its intensively connected transit system, the recycling policy for better waste management and to reduce landfills, urban design interventions on streets and in the form of plazas and pocket open spaces throughtout the City and its progressive planning approaches earlier on in the race of sustainability and growth.

The City is known for its Public transit system (TriMet is the primary transit provider with their buses and MAX light rail systems, supplemented by the Portland Streetcar in downtown Portland). Entering into a very vibrant downtown during lunch time, the sight is of people coming out of their offices, to get their palate satiated with Portland’s“Cartopia”, the city’s very own food cart pod (a fleet of food carts in a parking lot is called a food cart pod) culture – hundreds of food carts are set up all around the city’s parking lots. The downtown is abuzz with activity, aroma of food, music and well-connected transit, which drives many into the heart of the city. The downtown internally works efficiently due to dense transit connectivity.

Some of the features that supplement the transit system are:

* SmartPark are City-owned parking garages in downtown Portland that provide affordable parking, it also partners with some downtown businesses to offer validated parking with qualifying purchases.

* The Pioneer Courthouse Square, known, as the living room of the City is a parking structure converted into an urban park and square, this was followed by Director Park, which was also converted into a public square in 2009 from a parking lot.

Subsidized parking lots and interactive urban plazas/open spaces are the best way to supplement a good transit system in downtowns and dense urban cores. Not only do the parking lots incentivize people to come and shop in downtown (increasing the economic value of the space), the urban plazas and open spaces give the much-needed breathing space within the density (giving the space an urban design and aesthetic value).

Portland’s win was really, during the 1970’s when they had the foresight of rejecting investments in building massive freeways (Robert Moses [iv]plan for Portland) that would cut across neighborhoods and instead used that money to retain the pedestrian friendly neighborhoods, to connect the city using good public transit (light rails, streetcars and buses).

Through this discussion, the point was to make the readers aware as to how India can leapfrog development by learning from some of the mistakes Americans and other western cities have committed during their period of rapid industrialization and urbanization and avoid them as we step into an era where good investments can go into good infrastructure improvements.

Link para o artigo completo:
http://www.theurbanvision.com/blogs/?p=1026

11 de agosto de 2013

Urban Growth Boundaries: An important lesson for India

BY ISHANI MEHTA
JUNE 29, 2011

Portland’s transformation into one of the greenest regions/cities in the US has been a slow and steady process over the past four decades. In addition to micro-level influences such as strong community involvement, visionary and realistic planning, and substantial activism for active transportation, a significant macro-level influence that enabled this transformation was the state-wide planning system introduced in 1973. A direct result of this visionary set of laws instituted by the State of Oregon was the implementation of the innovative concept of urban growth boundaries (UGBs) in all major metropolitan areas of Oregon including Portland. The utility of this concept has in fact led to its implementation across other states in the US such as California, Washington and Tennessee as well.

Portland metropolitan region's urban growth boundary from Google Earth

Significance

The workings and implementation of UGBs is an important lesson to learn from Portland for Indian cities that are currently struggling with urban sprawl. By keeping urban development contained in a compact boundary, UGBs promote more efficient land-use planning along with an assurance for businesses and local governments about where to place basic infrastructure necessary for future development. Moreover, limited resources can be invested on making existing infrastructure more efficient rather than constantly building new capacity for an ever-expanding urban area. Besides this, UGBs are important for another significant reason, explained below.

Urban development patterns in India over the last two decades suggest that often new cities emerge over traditionally agricultural land when escalating property prices create incentives for real estate developers to acquire such land (Gurgaon in the National Capital Region being a case in point). In addition, rural appendages to ad-hoc urban developments have been extensively used as dumping grounds for the urban waste (such as the rural areas around Chennai) while rural inhabitants migrate into urban agglomerations due to lack of lucrative opportunities in the rural areas. Clearly, urbanization in India has not just been sprawled in terms of land-use, it has also been predatory as far as rural areas and their economy is concerned.

The concept of UGBs is essentially the antithesis of this ad-hoc and predatory form of urbanisation seen in India. The boundary controls urban expansion onto fertile farmland and precious forest cover. The concept of UGBs embodies respect for urban and rural areas and their economies alike, allowing them to coexist in an inter-dependent way. As will be evident below, this was the primary realisation and motivation that led Oregon to initiate the State-Wide Land-Use Planning programme, incorporating UGBs into state legislation.
...

Conclusion

The implementation of UGBs is a unique learning experience from Portland. The approach is of interest for more than one reasons. Firstly, there is a dual focus on protecting rural farmland and forests as well as vitalising urban areas through town centers and suitable infrastructure investments. A trip to the edge of the UGB is enough evidence to prove that this dual approach works as one observes a drastic transformation from densely developed urban areas with residential and commercial establishments to large parcels of farmland and scenic forests and wetlands.

Quoting the Metro website (www.oregonmetro.gov), “it isn’t hard to figure out why we love the Portland metro region. Through shrewd planning and a love of place we’ve kept nature close to home and country close to city”.

Secondly, the region has retained an interdependence between urban areas within the UGB and rural reserves outside through activities such as farmer’s markets that allow farmers to directly sell their produce in cities without much transportation cost. This also promotes the sustainable concept of ‘locavorism’ which hinges on consuming local agricultural produce to reduce shipping and use of chemicals, preservatives etc.

Finally, the process for implementing and revising the UGB involves a regional dialogue amongst all stakeholders including local and county governments, public organisations, citizens, businesses and farmers. This unique collaborative process of identifying reserves for the next 50 years displays both vision and inter-agency cooperation.

Link para o artigo completo:
http://www.theurbanvision.com/blogs/?p=790

10 de agosto de 2013

ESPAGNE Quand la crise sauve la nature

L’explosion de la bulle immobilière en Espagne a ralenti la destruction de l’environnement.
C'est le pays européen qui avait urbanisé le plus de terres durant les années 2000.

COURRIER INTERNATIONAL
5 AOÛT 2013

L’Espagne est le pays européen qui a urbanisé le plus de terres entre 2000 et 2006, indique un rapport de l’Agence Européenne pour l'environnement (EEA en anglais) publié en juin dernier. Pendant cette période, l’Espagne a augmenté de 24% la superficie des terrains constructibles, suivi par la France avec 12% et l’Allemagne avec 9%. L’explosion de la bulle immobilière en 2008 a freiné cette construction démesurée, mais a laissé une surface importante du pays en terrains constructibles, dont beaucoup ne sont pas utilisés, rapporte El País.

Des maisons inhabités en Espagne. Lampernas 2.0/CC

Avant cette flambée de l'immobilier, plusieurs associations écologistes avaient voulu acheter ces terres alors classées comme agricoles. Mais elles s'étaient heurté aux réticences des propriétaires, qui "avaient l'espoir que leur terrain devienne constructible, pour le vendre à un meilleur prix", raconte José Luis Atienza, de l’association Seo Bird Life, cité par le quotidien. Aujourd'hui, Atienza affirme que l'Etat souhaite revenir sur les déclarations de constructibilité de nombreux terrains, afin de mieux préserver l'environnement.

Cette "folie de la brique", comme on l’appelle en Espagne, a participé à l'urbanisation de surfaces inondables (notamment des lits de rivières ou des zones proches des plages), ce qui a "amplifié les effets des catastrophes naturelles comme les inondations ou les chutes de neige importantes", avertit le journal.

In:
http://www.courrierinternational.com/article/2013/08/05/quand-la-crise-sauve-la-nature

9 de agosto de 2013

Excursion of Urban geography - Kyoto


Quando:
August 9th 2013


Onde:
Kyoto


Organizado por:
Urban Geography Commission of the International Geographical Union

Experiencing an urban network in Keihanshin Metropolitan Area

Purpose:

Keihanshin Metropolitan Area is a polycentric urban region. Osaka, Kyoto and Kobe play the role of main centers in this region. Although these cities compete in order to strengthen their own centrality, they have mutually complementary relationships.
Osaka is the primate economic center, Kyoto is well known for its respectable cultural and educational center, and Kobe has important international sea port.

The purpose of our one day trip is to deepen our understanding for Japanese mature urbanization through experiencing polycentric metropolitan area.

Visiting Places will be as follow:

Senri New Town (the oldest and one of representative new towns of Japan), Osaka CBD (world class business districts), Port of Kobe (artificial island and the Disaster Reduction Museum).

Mais informação:
- http://www.unil.ch/igu-urban/page94771.html
- http://www.igu-online.org/site/

enviado por:
Céline Rozenblat

4 de agosto de 2013

IGU Regional Conference in Kyoto



The IGU Regional Conference in Kyoto is the major event in the world geographical community next year.



Quando:
4-9 August 2013

Onde:
Kyoto - Kyoto International Conference Center (ICC Kyoto)

Conference Theme

Over the past decades, globalization and other global changes have re-structured relations between countries and regions in the world, and have greatly altered the world geography. This change has put forward various problems of local, regional or global scales, such as economic imbalance, social fragmentation, political conflicts, and environmental crises. All of these problems threaten the future of the earth. While acknowledging the world’s diversity, geography as a discipline must endeavor to resolve these problems by devising plans for cooperation and symbiotic existence of the different peoples of the world.

An old Japanese proverb (on-ko chi-shin), taken from a Chinese one (wengu zhixin), says that only by exploring the old can one understand the new. We should first understand how traditional ideas, linked to interaction between society/culture and the environment, were formed in different countries and regions.
...

Mais informação:
http://www.igu-urban.com/